Formula Bank
Sum of first n natural numbers = n(n + 1)/2
HCF (Highest Common Factor) = Largest number that divides both given numbers exactly
tan 45° = 1
If a line is parallel to one side of a triangle, it divides the other two sides in the same ratio (Basic Proportionality Theorem)
Probability of an event = (Favorable outcomes) / (Total outcomes)
Quadratic equation: ax² + bx + c = 0
Roots of a quadratic equation: x = (-b ± √(b² – 4ac)) / 2a
Volume of a cylinder = πr²h
If the radius of a cylinder is doubled, the new volume = 4 × original volume
Exponent Rule: a^(m/n) = n√(a^m)