Life Processes
1. Explain the process of photosynthesis. Include the balanced chemical equation. (2017, 2018, 2019, 2020)
Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants make their food using sunlight. The balanced chemical equation is: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + light → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
2. Describe the human digestive system and its main components. (2016, 2017, 2018, 2019)
The human digestive system includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. It processes food to extract nutrients and eliminate waste.
3. What is cellular respiration? Write the balanced chemical equation for aerobic respiration. (2017, 2018, 2019, 2020)
Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water. The balanced equation for aerobic respiration is: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy
4. Explain the process of transpiration in plants. (2016, 2017, 2018, 2020)
Transpiration is the process by which water vapor is lost from the aerial parts of plants, primarily through the stomata. It helps in nutrient uptake and temperature regulation.
5. Describe the structure and function of the human circulatory system. (2016, 2017, 2018, 2019)
The human circulatory system consists of the heart, blood, and blood vessels. It transports nutrients, gases, and wastes throughout the body and maintains homeostasis.
6. What are the different types of blood vessels? Explain their functions. (2017, 2018, 2019, 2020)
The main types of blood vessels are arteries (carry blood away from the heart), veins (carry blood to the heart), and capillaries (enable exchange of substances between blood and tissues).
7. What is the role of the excretory system in humans? (2016, 2017, 2018, 2019)
The excretory system removes waste products from the body, regulates blood volume and pressure, and maintains electrolyte balance. Major organs include the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
8. Explain the importance of enzymes in biological processes. (2017, 2018, 2019, 2020)
Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in the body without being consumed. They are crucial for processes such as digestion and metabolism.
9. What is the function of the stomata in plants? (2016, 2017, 2018, 2019)
Stomata are small openings on the surfaces of leaves that allow gas exchange (CO₂ in, O₂ out) and water vapor to exit the plant, facilitating photosynthesis and transpiration.
10. How do plants absorb water and nutrients from the soil? (2016, 2017, 2018, 2019)
Plants absorb water and nutrients through their roots. Root hairs increase surface area for absorption, and water moves into the roots via osmosis while nutrients are taken up by active transport.
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