Gravitation
Gravitation Chapter Questions
1. Calculate the gravitational force between two objects of mass 5 kg and 10 kg, placed 2 meters apart. (Use G = 6.67 × 10-11 N·m2/kg2)
Answer: 8.3375 × 10-10 N
2. A stone is thrown vertically upwards with a speed of 20 m/s. Calculate the maximum height it will reach. (Assume g = 9.8 m/s2)
Answer: 20.41 meters
3. An object weighs 50 N on the surface of the Earth. What will be its weight if it is taken to a height where the distance from the Earth’s center is doubled? (Assume the mass of the Earth remains constant)
Answer: 12.5 N
4. The radius of a planet is twice the radius of the Earth, and its mass is 8 times the mass of the Earth. Calculate the acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the planet. (Take gEarth = 9.8 m/s2)
Answer: 19.6 m/s²
5. The Earth and the Moon exert gravitational forces on each other. If the distance between their centers is 3.84 × 108 meters and the mass of the Earth is 6 × 1024 kg, calculate the force of attraction between the Earth and the Moon. (Use G = 6.67 × 10-11 N·m2/kg2)
Answer: 1.98 × 1020 N
6. State and explain the law of universal gravitation. How does the gravitational force between two objects change if the distance between them is doubled?
Answer: See detailed explanation in the solution.
7. Why do all objects fall at the same rate in the absence of air resistance? Explain with the help of Newton’s laws of motion and gravitational force.
Answer: See detailed explanation in the solution.
8. Explain the concept of escape velocity.
Answer: Escape velocity = 11.2 km/s
9. What is meant by the “weight” of an object? How does the weight of an object change when taken to a height or to the center of the Earth?
Answer: See detailed explanation in the solution.
10. Discuss the effect of gravitational force on the shape of the Earth. Why is the Earth not a perfect sphere, but an oblate spheroid?
Answer: See detailed explanation in the solution.
Numerical Answers:
- 1. Gravitational Force: 8.3375 × 10-10 N
- 2. Maximum Height: 20.41 meters
- 3. New Weight: 12.5 N
- 4. Acceleration due to gravity: 19.6 m/s²
- 5. Force of Attraction: 1.98 × 1020 N
- 8. Escape Velocity: 11.2 km/s
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